Relationships among depressive,passive-aggressive,sadistic and self-defeating personality disorder features with suicidal ideation and reasons for living among older adults

Objectives: Suicide among older adults is a major public health problem in the USA. In our recent study, we examined relationships between the 10 standard DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs) and suicidal ideation, and found that the PD dimensions explained a majority (55%) of the variance in suicidal ideation. To extend this line of research, the purpose of the present follow-up study was to explore relationships between the four PDs that previously were included in prior versions of the DSM (depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, and self-defeating) with suicidal ideation and reasons for living.

Method: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 109; age range = 60–95 years; 61% women; 88% European-American) completed anonymously the Coolidge Axis II Inventory, the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS).

Results: Correlational analyses revealed that simple relationships between PD scales with GSIS subscales were generally stronger than with RFL subscales. Regarding GSIS subscales, all four PD scales had medium-to-large positive relationships, with the exception of sadistic PD traits, which was unrelated to the death ideation subscale. Multiple regression analyses showed that the amount of explained variance for the GSIS (48%) was higher than for the RFL (11%), and this finding was attributable to the high predictive power of depressive PD.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that depressive PD features are strongly related to increased suicidal thinking and lowered resilience to suicide among older adults. Assessment of depressive PD features should also be especially included in the assessment of later-life suicidal risk.     

陈定潜治疗内科病症经验

介绍陈定潜主任医师治疗内科病症的经验,重视湿毒致病,提倡缓图法及分阶段治疗,强调用药须注重保护胃气。     

关于大学生网络自主化学习理念的探讨

在介绍自主化学习理念、必要性及网络学习价值的基础上,分析了影响大学生利用网络进行自主化学习的因素,提出了培养大学生网络自主化学习理念的途径及对策。     

Characterization of the novel GlyT1 PET tracer [18F]MK‐6577 in humans

Decreased glutamatergic neurotransmission is hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Inhibition of glycine transporter Type‐1 (GlyT1) reuptake is expected to increase the glutamatergic neurotransmission and may serve as treatment for cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this article, we present human data from a novel GlyT1 PET tracer, [¹⁸F]MK‐6577. In the process of developing a GlyT1 inhibitor therapeutic, a PET tracer can assist in determining the dose with a high probability of sufficiently testing the mechanism of action. This article reports the human PET studies with [¹⁸F]MK‐6577 for measuring GlyT1 receptor availability at baseline in normal human subjects and occupancy with a GlyT1 inhibitor, MK‐2637. Studies were also performed to measure radiation burden and the baseline test‐retest (T‐RT) variability of the tracer. The effective dose from sequential whole‐body dosimetry scans in three male subjects was estimated to be 24.5 ± 2.9 µSV/MBq (mean ± SD). The time–activity curves from T‐RT scans modeled satisfactorily using a two tissue compartmental model. The tracer uptake was highest in the pons (V_T = 6.7 ± 0.9, BP_ND = 4.1 ± 0.43) and lowest in the cortex (V_T = 2.1 ± 0.5, BP_ND = 0.60 ± 0.23). V_T T‐RT variability measured in three subjects was <12% on average. The occupancy scans performed in a cohort of 15 subjects indicated absence of a reference region. The in vivo potency (Occ₅₀) of MK‐2637 was determined using two methods: A: Lassen plot with a population input function (Occ₅₀ = 106 nM, SE = 20 nM) and B: pseudo reference tissue model using cortex as the pseudo reference region (Occ₅₀ = 141 nM, SE = 21 nM). Synapse 69:33–40, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.